d eco-system. Here are a few facts you may find interesting about this mysterious Kingdom in the Himalayas: Bhutan is a democracy and constitutional monarchy. The Bhutanese monarchy was founded in 1907. It held its first democratic elections in 2008. In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land to British India. Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by independent India after 1947. The United Nations recognized Bhutan as a country in 1974. Origin of the name Bhutan may be derived from the Sanskrit Bhotanta which means "the end of Tibet," or the Sanskrit Bhu-attan, meaning "highlands." Bhutanese call their home "Druk Yul," which means "the Land of the Thunder Dragons," because of the extremely powerful storms which constantly roar in from the Himalayas. Its capital is Thimpu with a population of about 742,737 (2012). It is the only capital in the world without traffic lights. In fact when traffic lights were installed the people objected and the city reverted back to the use of white-gloved traffic police. Until the 1960’s it had no roads, automobiles, telephone, postal system or electricity. Bhutanese had no access to TV or Internet until limited access was permitted in 1999. Buddhism is the official religion with Hinduism the second popular faith. Dzongka is the official language. 54.3% of adults and 76.2% of youth in Bhutan are literate. The first foreign tourists were allowed into Bhutan in 1974. Bhutan has the world’s highest unclimbed peak, Gangkhar Puensum, a mountain so sacred by the Bhutanese that the government has banned mountaineering on any peak above 19,685 feet. Bhutan is the world’s only carbon sink, that is; it absorbs more CO2 than it gives out. It sells hydro-electrical power, making it the only country whose largest export is renewable energy. 72% of the country is forested. In fact, it’s in the country’s constitution to keep 60% of its land forested. Respect for the environment, the eco system and all species is a serious matter in Bhutan. Anyone caught killing an endangered species, faces the harsh sentence of life in prison. Agriculture is its major industry with rice, fruit and dairy industry (yaks). Rather than using the GDP as an economic index, Bhutan measures its overall “health” through the four pillars: sustainable development, environmental protection, cultural preservation, and good governance, which together form the Gross National Happiness or GNH. Not all was as happy as hoped when in the early 1990s riots erupted in the Nepalese community living in Bhutan after the King’s decree to have all Bhutanese follow traditional customs including dress and conduct. This led to the repatriation of about 40,000 Nepali-Bhutanese to Newark, New Jersey, USA in early 2010. Plastic bags have been banned in Bhutan since 1999. Bhutan is the only country to outlaw tobacco (effective 2004). The "takin," a goat-antelope, is Bhutan’s national animal.