Goverdhan, a town in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India, is essential in Hinduism’s cultural and spiritual tapestry. Goverdhan is a beacon of devotion and pilgrimage, renowned for its mythological and historical connections, especially with Lord Krishna. The town is situated near the famous city of Mathura, believed to be the birthplace of Lord Krishna, and it forms an integral part of the Braj region. This article delves into the multifaceted significance of Goverdhan Mathura, exploring its historical, mythological, and cultural dimensions and its enduring allure for pilgrims and tourists alike.
Cultural Significance Of Goverdhan Mathura
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The most prominent feature of Goverdhan is the Goverdhan Hill, also known as Giriraj. According to Hindu mythology, this hill is special in the legends surrounding Lord Krishna. The story goes that Lord Krishna, during his childhood in Gokul, noticed that the villagers were preparing for the annual Indra Yajna, a ritual to appease Lord Indra, the god of rain and thunder. Krishna questioned the necessity of worshipping Indra and suggested that the villagers should instead worship the Goverdhan Hill, which provided them with sustenance and protection. The villagers heeded Krishna’s advice and performed a puja (worship) for the hill.
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Goverdhan Parikrama
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Goverdhan Parikrama, or circumambulation of Goverdhan Hill, is a revered pilgrimage activity for devotees. The parikrama route spans approximately 21 kilometres, and devotees undertake this journey barefoot as an act of piety and devotion. The path is dotted with numerous sacred sites, including temples, kunds (holy water bodies), and places associated with various Leelas (divine activities) of Lord Krishna.
Notable stops along the parikrama include:
Radha Kund and Shyam Kund –Two closely situated water bodies with significant connections to Radha and Krishna. People also believe bathing in these kunds can absolve sins and bring spiritual merit.
Kusum Sarovar: A beautiful reservoir surrounded by artistic cenotaphs. It is associated with Radha and Krishna’s pastimes and offers a tranquil spot for meditation and reflection.
Govind Kund: A sacred tank linked with the legend of Indra’s defeat and the subsequent ritual bathing of Goverdhan Hill.
Mansi Ganga: Another holy tank where pilgrims often start or end their parikrama. It is believed to have been created by the mind of Krishna (Mansi means mental).
Festivals & Fairs
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Goverdhan is a vibrant centre of cultural activities, particularly during festivals. The most significant of these activities is Goverdhan Puja, which celebrates Krishna’s lifting of the Goverdhan Hill. This festival features elaborate rituals, including creating Goverdhan replicas using cow dung, symbolizing the hill, and offering a variety of food items to Krishna.
Some examples of famous festivals are as follows:
Janmashtami: This festival marks the birth of Lord Krishna. The towns of Goverdhan, Mathura, and Vrindavan become focal points of grand celebrations.
Holi: Holi is known as the festival of colours, celebrated for Goverdhan. The traditional Braj style of Holi, involving playful acts reminiscent of Krishna’s youthful antics, draws many visitors.
Radhashtami: This special festival celebrates the birth anniversary of Radha Rani, Lord Krishna’s beloved consort. The festivities include special prayers and devotional singing.
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Places To Visit In Goverdhan
Goverdhan Hill is a site of mythological and religious importance and an ecological treasure. The hill and its surroundings host diverse flora and fauna, contributing to the biodiversity of the Braj region. The sacred groves and water bodies around Goverdhan maintain the ecological balance. The Goverdhan Parikrama, in particular, is a significant draw, with devotees seeking blessings and spiritual merit through the arduous journey around the hill. The town provides various amenities for pilgrims, including Dharamshala (guesthouses), ashrams, and eateries catering to visitors’ needs. There are many temples in and around Govardhan town. Every temple has a unique history and architectural style. Some prominent temples include:
1. Daan Ghati Temple:
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Located near the foot of Goverdhan Hill, this temple is dedicated to the aspect of Krishna as the receiver of offerings from devotees. This temple enshrines the deity of Krishna and is a significant centre for devotees performing the Goverdhan Parikrama. It is one of the two main shrines in the town of Goverdhan. In the 1970s, one of the critical citizens of the city of Goverdhan started the reformations in this temple and began an organization called the Daan-Ghati Management Committee. This temple is active in the 21-kilometre parikrama of the Giriraj hill and is involved in Goverdhan Puja ceremonies. Over a while, this temple has become one of the main temples in Govardhan.
Location: Goverdhan, foot of Goverdhan Hill
Best Time To Visit: October – March (winters)
2. Mukharvind Temple:
Situated at the starting point of the parikrama route, this temple holds special significance as it marks the face of Goverdhan Hill. It is located at a distance of about 28 km from the town of Goverdhan. The temple is taken care of by the Vallabh Sampradaya. The architecture often reflects the traditional styles of the Braj region, characterized by intricate carvings, ornate pillars, and vibrant murals depicting scenes from Krishna’s life. Many sacred spots of divine saints are located close to the temple premises. Some of these saints include Shri Chandramaji’s temple, Shri Madanmohanji’s, Gokulnathji’s, etc.
Location: Jaipur, 28 km from Govardhan town
Best Time To Visit: October – March (winters)
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Goverdhan is not just a town but a journey. A journey through time, devotion, and the eternal bond between humanity and the divine. Its hills, temples, and legends continue to resonate with the echoes of Krishna’s flute, inviting pilgrims to partake in the timeless dance of faith and devotion. Start your trip to Mathura today.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Goverdhan Mathura
What is the significance of Govardhan Hill in Hindu mythology?
Govardhan Hill is celebrated for the legend that Lord Krishna lifted it to protect villagers from torrential rains sent by Lord Indra. This act highlights Krishna’s role as a protector and emphasizes the importance of devotion to nature and simplicity over complex rituals.
What is Govardhan Parikrama and why is it important?
Govardhan Parikrama is a ritual circumambulation of Govardhan Hill, spanning approximately 21 kilometres. Devotees undertake this journey barefoot, visiting sacred sites along the route, to gain spiritual merit and connect with the divine activities of Lord Krishna.
What are some key sites to visit during Govardhan Parikrama?
Key sites include Radha Kund and Shyam Kund, Kusum Sarovar, Govind Kund, and Mansi Ganga. Each of these locations is steeped in mythological significance, offering pilgrims a chance to experience the divine pastimes of Krishna and Radha.
How is Govardhan connected to the Bhakti movement?
Govardhan played a significant role in the Bhakti movement, inspiring saints like Surdas whose devotional songs often reference Krishna’s pastimes in this area. This connection helped spread the message of personal devotion and love for the divine.
What festivals are celebrated in Govardhan, Mathura?
Govardhan celebrates major festivals such as Govardhan Puja, Janmashtami, Holi, and Radhashtami. These festivals draw large numbers of devotees who come to honour various aspects of Krishna’s life through rituals, prayers, and vibrant celebrations.
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